11750 results for "cancer rna-seq"

in 34.56 milliseconds.

• Whole exome sequencing data for paired non-serous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas from 27 patients with concurrent tumours.

  Dataset for Synchronous Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer

  Dataset EGAD00001015680

• WES

  WES was performed on 2 TURP, 6 biopsies, 1 CDX, 1 cell line, 6 CTCs, 1 DNA germline and 1WBC from prostate cancer

  Dataset EGAD00001006009

• Mutational evolution in a lobular breast tumour profiled at single nucleotide resolution

  We have used next generation sequencing to sequence genomes (>43-fold coverage) and transcriptomes of an oestrogen-receptor-alpha-positive metastatic lobular breast cancer at depth. We found 32 somatic non-synonymous coding mutations present in the metastasis, and measured the frequency of these somatic mutations in DNA from the primary tumour of the same patient.

  Study EGAS00000000054

• High-throughput single-cell DNA sequencing of acute myeloid leukemia tumors with droplet microfluidics

  We developed a novel microfluidic platform to automatically barcode genomic DNA from individual cancer cells. Using this approach, we sequenced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) tumors targeting up to 62 loci relevant for the disease from thousands of cells. We predict that our platform will enable analysis of heterogeneity in AML and improve stratification and therapy selection.

  Study phs001627

• Molecular Analysis of Alliance A031201 Study

  This is the first study examining the relationship between clonal hematopoiesis and clinical outcomes in prostate cancer patients. We used a targeted gene sequencing panel to identify patients in the A031201 clinical trial with and without clonal hematopoiesis. We found that clonal hematopoiesis did not affect overall or progression free survival in A031201 but was associated more adverse cardiac events.

  Study phs003717

• Analysis of genes related to the oncogenesis, progression or effectiveness of drug therapies of urological tumors .

  To clarify the oncogenesis and the progression mechanism of urological tumors, we continuously collect tumor samples of our patients with high quality. Then we used them to comprehensive analyses such as genome sequencing or epi-genome sequencing. Through these analyses, we aim for elucidating the oncogenesis or for developing newly treatment strategies of each cancer.

  Study JGAS000737

• SCANDARE HNSCC DNA targeted panel sequencing

  SCANDARE (NCT03017573) is a multicentric biobanking study, enrolling adult patients with newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), ovarian and cervical cancer. Tumor tissue and blood samples are collected at several time points during patient's journey, including at diagnosis, post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy in case of neoadjuvant treatment, at surgery, at recurrence and at disease progression following treatment initiated at recurrence. Since its launch in 2017 at Institut Curie, SCANDARE has enabled the longitudinal collection and preservation of samples for in-depth analyses. Here, we describe molecular alterations in 232 FFPE samples at baseline from 83 HNSCC patients using DNA targeted panel sequencing, with FASTQ files deposited in the dataset.

  Dataset EGAD50000001654

• Analysis of genes related to the oncogenesis, progression or effectiveness of drug therapies of urological tumors .

  To clarify the oncogenesis and the progression mechanism of urological tumors, we continuously collect tumor samples of our patients with high quality. Then we used them to comprehensive analyses such as genome sequencing or epi-genome sequencing. Through these analyses, we aim for elucidating the oncogenesis or for developing newly treatment strategies of each cancer.

  Study JGAS000564

• mutational landscape of normal human breast

  The accumulation of somatic mutations in the healthy breast throughout life and pregnancy is poorly understood. Here we describe whole genome sequencing analysis of epithelial and stromal compartments from the normal breast. We aimed to study how pregnancy and age affect both the mutational burden and the clonality of the healthy breast, and the subsequent implications on breast cancer risk.

  Study EGAS00001004672

• Whole genome analysis of pediatric patients with medulloblastoma

  Cancer genomes often contain structural variations (SVs) in non-coding regions, while its impact on tumorigenesis is still unclear. Our goal is to discover genome folding changes resulted from SVs using InfoGenomeR and InfoHiC frameworks, which may reveal novel therapeutic targets. We applied our frameworks to five pediatric patients with medulloblastoma, revealing 3D genome changes of medulloblastoma driver genes.

  Study EGAS00001006653

• Early onset sporadic rectal cancer exome from Indian population

  Paired tumor-normal exome data from 47 Microsatellite stable Early-onset sporadic rectal cancer exome from the Indian population

  Dataset EGAD00001008504

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD38234 (WG) (2020-02-20)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from pulmonary fibrosis patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-02-20.

  Dataset EGAD00001005991

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD37920 (WG) (2020-02-20)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-02-20.

  Dataset EGAD00001005990

• Targeted DNA sequencing

  Targeted DNA sequencing of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) tumour and normal samples from 15 patients with homologous recombination deficiencies. The dataset includes fastq files from 243 HGSC tumours (15 primary, 3 relapse, 225 end-stage) and 15 normals from 15 HGSC patients. Following target hybrid capture of 63 genes involved in DNA repair and response to treatment with an Agilent SureSelect XT panel, sequencing libraries were generated using the SureSelect XT Low Input Target Enrichment System (Agilent) as per the manufacturer's protocol. Libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq 500 at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (Melbourne, Australia).

  Dataset EGAD00001009747

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD43291_Novaseq (Exome) (2021-02-02)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutaiton burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this poriton of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2021-02-02.

  Dataset EGAD00001006932

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD43291_Novaseq (WG)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutaiton burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this poriton of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2023-03-08.

  Dataset EGAD00001010111

• Inter and intra - tumor heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer

  The dataset consists of two main sample groups. 1) The inter-tumour sample group contains a total of 97 samples from 27 patients. Each patient has a single normal and primary sample as well as one or more metastases. All samples were sequenced using IonTorrent PGM and a custom colorectal cancer (CRC) panel. 2) The intra-tumour sample group contains a total of 68 samples from a single tumour as well as a normal tissue sample. All 68 samples were sequenced using IonTorrent PGM and a custom CRC panel. Shallow whole genome sequencing was additionally applied to 10 of the samples using Illumina HiSeq 4000.

  Dataset EGAD00001003131

• ENU-NCI-H508-Cetuximab-SecondRound

  Cetuximab is a targeted monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is used therapeutically for the treatment of KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC). The Cetuximab sensitive KRAS wild-type CRC cell line NCI-H508 has been treated with a fixed concentration of ENU for 24 hours and then selected with Cetuximab until drug resistant clones were ready to be picked and grown up as sub-clones of the parental cell line. These will have genes causally implicated in cancer sequenced to identify common point mutations in multiple independently derived drug resistant clones as a forward genetic screen for mechanisms of resistance to Cetuximab in CRC

  Dataset EGAD00001002065

• March 2018 cumulative data release for reference epigenomes generated at Centre for Epigenome Mapping Technologies, Genome Sciences Center, B.C. Cancer Agency as part of the International Human Epigenome Consortium.

  March 2018 cumulative data release (bams,fastqs) for reference epigenomes generated at Centre for Epigenome Mapping Technologies, Genome Sciences Center, B.C. Cancer Agency as part of the International Human Epigenome Consortium

  Dataset EGAD00001003963

• ENU-CCK-81 cetuximab pilot project

  Cetuximab is a targeted monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is used therapeutically for the treatment of KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC). The Cetuximab sensitive KRAS wild-type CRC cell line NCI-H508 has been treated with a fixed concentration of ENU for 24 hours and then selected with Cetuximab until drug resistant clones were ready to be picked and grown up as sub-clones of the parental cell line. These will have genes causally implicated in cancer sequenced to identify common point mutations in multiple independently derived drug resistant clones as a forward genetic screen for mechanisms of resistance to Cetuximab in CRC.

  Dataset EGAD00001001947

• ENU-NCI-H508 cetuximab fixed concentration project

  Cetuximab is a targeted monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is used therapeutically for the treatment of KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC). The Cetuximab sensitive KRAS wild-type CRC cell line NCI-H508 has been treated with a fixed concentration of ENU for 24 hours and then selected with Cetuximab until drug resistant clones were ready to be picked and grown up as sub-clones of the parental cell line. These will have genes causally implicated in cancer sequenced to identify common point mutations in multiple independently derived drug resistant clones as a forward genetic screen for mechanisms of resistance to Cetuximab in CRC

  Dataset EGAD00001001948

• March 2019 data update for reference epigenomes generated at Centre for Epigenome Mapping Technologies, Genome Sciences Center, B.C. Cancer Agency as part of the International Human Epigenome Consortium.

  March 2019 data update for cord blood CD34+CD38-, CMP, GMP, MEP, monocyte, erythroid precursor, B cell and primary AML total blasts reference epigenomes generated at Centre for Epigenome Mapping Technologies, Genome Sciences Center, B.C. Cancer Agency as part of the International Human Epigenome Consortium. This dataset contains data for samples: CEMT0158 CEMT0159 CEMT0160 CEMT0161 CEMT0162 CEMT0163 CEMT0164 CEMT0165 CEMT0166 CEMT0167 CEMT0168 CEMT0169 CEMT0170 CEMT0171 CEMT0172 CEMT0189

  Dataset EGAD00001004950

• Targeted and exome sequencing data from 24 prostate cancer patients with somatic hypermutation

  This dataset contains all available targeted and exome sequencing paired fastq files from our study, "Identification of hypermutation and defective mismatch repair in ctDNA from metastatic prostate cancer". Patient identifiers are denoted by the first three characters of the sample aliases (e.g. "P01"), and additional information is appended to reflect the panel used (targeted 73 gene panel: "PC", or whole-exome panel: "WXS"), and whether the sample represents cell-free DNA ("cfdna") or paired white-blood cell control ("wbc"). Several patients have multiple serial collections available, and these are denoted by the characters "C1, C2, C3," etc. All samples were sequenced using Illumina technology.

  Dataset EGAD00001005474

• 76 cancer and normal whole genomes from eleven SI-NET patients

  This dataset comprises of 76 cancer and normal whole genomes obtained from 11 SI-NET patients, in the form of two fastq files (forward and reverse reads) for each genome containing sequences generated by Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system.

  Dataset EGAD00001006161

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD38233 (WG) (2021-02-02)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2021-02-02.

  Dataset EGAD00001006930

• Data Access Committee of divisions B060 and B062, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)

  Dac EGAC00001000219

• EGAD00010000644

  Affymetrix SNP6.0 cancer cell line exome sequencing data

  Dataset EGAD00010000644

• Genentech_cell_line_SNP

  SNP array data for 668 cancer cell lines

  Dataset EGAD00010000951

• FunGeST - Functional Genomics from cancer research to personalized medicine

  Dac EGAC00001002924

• Rucaparib in patients presenting a metastatic breast cancer with Homologous Recombination Deficiency, without germline BRCA1/2 mutation, pronostic value of high LOH genomic score and predictive value of HRDetect (WGS)

  Study EGAS00001004756

• Point-of-care monitoring of head and neck cancer treatment response and recurrence development using nanopore-based ctDNA consensus sequencing

  Study EGAS00001007090

• Tumor Normal WES dataset

  This dataset contains tumor-normal WES data in BAM files aqcuired from patients with renal cancer tumors and treated with Sunitinib

  Dataset EGAD50000001174

• UCL Translation Uro-Oncology Data Access Committee will govern access to data generated from the Translation Uro-Oncology groups of the UCL Cancer Institute and UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science

  Dac EGAC00001000471

• Multiple_myeloma_precursor_genomics

  Whole genome sequencing of up to 45 multiple myeloma precursor samples and matched normals pairs.

  Study EGAS00001006312

• V4_Colorectal_panel_test

  Targeted gene screen of cell line tumours for testing the new V4 Colorectal gene panel.

  Study EGAS00001001807

• Mutational_signatures_and_clonal_dynamics_in_normal_human_tissues

  Somatic mutations (burdens and signatures) and clonal dynamics in normal human tissues

  Study EGAS00001002471

• sWGS of non-cancer controls

  Paired end shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS) data of cell-free DNA from plasma from self-reporting healthy individuals (MonRec Cohort)

  Dataset EGAD00001005805

• RBWES

  Retinoblastoma is a rare childhood cancer of the retina. We studied retinoblastoma by Whole-Exome-Sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001007591

• Osteosarcoma RNAseq

  We propose to definitively characterise the somatic genetics of Osteosarcoma cancer through generation of comprehensive catalogues of somatic mutations by high coverage genome and transcriptome sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001000826

• NSCCG CRC WES

  1006 Familial early onset gemrline CRC patients sequenced by the Molecular and Population Genetics group of the Institute of Cancer Research

  Dataset EGAD00001002204

• Single molecule molecular inversion probe capture developed using the CIViC database

  This study evaluated the use of the Clinical Interpretations of Variants in Cancer database (CIViC) to develop an Open-sourced CIViC Annotation Pipeline (OpenCAP). OpenCAP is a resource that allows users to develop a clinical capture panel that can be linked back to clinical summaries within the CIViC database. This method for capture panel development and variant annotation was tested using 27 cancer samples from 5 tumor subtypes with original exome or genome sequencing. Specifically, using OpenCAP, 111 variants were identified as relevant for the capture panel and 2,027 smMIPs were designed to target these variants. The smMIPs panel design was employed on all samples to validate the capture panel design. When compared to original sequencing, the CIViC smMIPs capture panel demonstrated a 95% sensitivity for variant detection (n = 61 variants). Additionally, the CIViC smMIPs capture panel identified 182 additional clinically relevant variants that had been missed on original sequencing.

  Study phs001890

• Scalable Whole-Exome Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA Reveals High Concordance with Metastatic Tumors

  We performed whole genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and whole-exome sequencing of matched tumor biopsies and germline DNA from patients with metastatic cancer. Using ichorCNA, a software tool that quantifies tumor content in ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing (~0.1x) of cfDNA without prior genomic characterization of the tumor, we show genome-wide concordance between cfDNA and tumor biopsies and detectability of high tumor fractions (>0.1) in the cfDNA of many patients with metastatic cancer. We then established that whole-exome sequencing of cfDNA can enable comprehensive profiling of tumors from blood, with high tumor-content cfDNA samples demonstrating concordance of clonal somatic mutations, copy number alterations, mutational signatures, and neoantigens with matched tumor biopsies. This study introduces a new method to identify patients that could be eligible for tumor profiling from cfDNA and sheds light on the concordance between metastatic tissue and blood biopsies.

  Study phs001417

• A Phase II Clinical Trial of the PARP Inhibitor Talazoparib in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Wild-Type Patients

  The Talazoparib Beyond BRCA (TBB), a phase II proof-of-concept clinical trial, was designed to test the efficacy of talazoparib, a potent, orally bioavailable PARP inhibitor, with an established Phase II recommended dose, in the treatment of advanced BRCA wildtype (WT), HER2-negative breast cancer and other solid tumors with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. Eligible patients had advanced HER2-negative breast cancer or other solid tumors with a germline or somatic mutation in a gene linked to the HR pathway. Patients identified as harboring a deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic mutation in the HR pathway were treated with single agent talazoparib until disease progression. Primary and metastatic tumor samples were sequenced with panel sequencing and exome sequencing to detect commonly mutated genes and those associated with DNA repair deficiency. In addition, ctDNA was sequenced at baseline and progression. Fastq files for tumor and ctDNA sequencing are deposited. 

  Study phs002803

• Hi-C Profiling of Solid Tumor Samples

  Structural variants, such as translocations, inversions, duplications, and deletions, have long been recognized as mutations that can contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. This can occur through a variety of mechanisms, including changes in gene dosage and the generation of fusion genes. In recent years, it is becoming increasingly clear that these events also can alter how genomes are organized in 3D space in the nucleus and contribute to changes in enhancer-promoter regulation. However, it remains poorly understand how often 3D genome structural changes occur in cancers, what genes are affected by these events, and in which tumor types. This study is part of ongoing work to better characterize 3D genome structural changes across a variety of tumor types to better understand where and when 3D genome structure changes as the result of structural variation in cancer genomes and to characterize the genes and tumor types affected.

  Study phs003227

• Gut Microbiome and Types of Colorectal Polyps

  Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease arising from at least two precursors-the conventional adenoma and the serrated polyp. This dataset was used to test the relationship of the gut microbiota to specific colorectal polyp types. We included samples from two independent study populations based at colonoscopy clinics: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Study of In-home Tests for Colorectal Cancer (SIT), and the New York University (NYU) Human Microbiome and Colorectal Tumor study. Gut microbiota were assessed in 667 colonoscopy-screened adults by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples, of which 540 were included in our analysis. Participants were categorized as conventional adenoma cases, serrated polyp cases, or polyp-free controls. CA cases were further classified as proximal or distal and as non-advanced or advanced. Serrated polyp cases were further classified as hyperplastic polyp or sessile serrated adenoma. Our results show associations between gut microbiome composition and presence of conventional adenomas, including reduced diversity and alterations in taxon abundance.

  Study phs001381

• The Genomic Landscape of Interval Colorectal Cancers

  Interval colorectal cancers (CRC), cancers diagnosed after a screening/surveillance exam in which no cancer is detected, and before the date of the next recommended exam, reflect an unprecedented challenge in CRC detection and prevention. To better understand this poorly characterized CRC variant, we examined the clinical and mutational characteristics of interval CRCs in comparison to screen-detected CRCs. We used data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer randomized controlled trial (RCT) of flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening, which enrolled 154,900 men and women aged 55 to 74 years between 1993 and 2001. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed on 323 samples from 168 participants (data available through dbGaP). We found colorectal cancers diagnosed between screening exams (interval cancers) had significantly increased risk of death than screen detected cancers although no significant molecular differences were observed between screen-detected and interval CRC at the whole exome sequencing level.

  Study phs003093

• Somatic Mutations in 3,929 HPV-Positive Exfoliated Cervical Cell Samples

  We investigated the detection, timing, and HPV type specificity of cervical somatic hotspot mutations (i.e., previously reported cancer driver mutations) in 3,929 HPV-positive exfoliated cervical cell samples from individuals undergoing routine cervical screening in the U.S. using deep-targeted sequencing of 20 candidate genes. Our study included samples from 3,351 women with the following infection outcomes: 1,478 HPV16-, HPV18- and/or HPV45-positive controls (i.e., HPV infections that did not progress to precancer and/or subsequently cleared), 1,712 cervical precancers, and 161 invasive cervical cancers. We utilized residual exfoliated cervical cell samples from women routinely screened for cervical cancer precursors at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) as part of the prospective KPNC-NCI HPV Persistence and Progression (PaP) cohort. We included 3,929 samples collected from these 3,351 women, including 974 serial sample from 396 women collected prior to their most recent screening visit to evaluate somatic hotspot mutation detection prior to diagnosis.

  Study phs003691

• EuCANCan: EUropean-CANadian Cancer network

  The EUropean-CANadian Cancer network (EuCANCan) is a project aiming to develop a federated network of aligned and interoperable infrastructures for the homogeneous analysis, management and sharing of genomic oncology data for Personalized Medicine. This initiative, funded by the European Commission and the Canadian Institutes of Health and coordinated by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), is expected to process and provide the scientific community with around 30-35 thousand patient samples from different types of cancer, coming from different nodes involved in this project, during the four years of the project. Data generated as part of primary studies, often in small hospitals or research centers, is hardly reused by other projects or groups. EuCANCan is proposed to foster the homogenisation and discoverability of cancer samples from very different sources for the whole community. These efforts will help paving the way to future standardised and global genomics projects, specially for those participant countries that eventually integrate the methodology and infrastructure generated during the project. “The more data we have access to the more and better discoveries. We attempt to overcome the legal and technical limitations in order to generate, gather and exploit bigger datasets as well as answer more ambitious questions”. These were some of the words Dr. David Torrents, main coordinator of the project, shared with a regional radio during the kick-off meeting of the project, on February 11th, 2019. The EUCANCan network will be composed of reference nodes in Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Heidelberg, Paris and Toronto which have established strong research and clinical programs in the field of genomic oncology. The Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), specifically the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), is among the leading institutions. Its exhaustive experience in biomedical data archival and secure distribution is considered key for crucial developments within the project. It is also notable the recent inclusion of EUCANCan in the list of GA4GH driver projects. Further information and details can be found in the following links: InsideHPC BSC official description Techweek (Spanish)

  Blog eucancan

• Tumor inflammation and mutational burden are differentially associated with response to nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in metastatic colorectal cancer

  Nivolumab alone and in combination with ipilimumab demonstrated durable clinical benefit in patients with previously treated microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer in the phase 2 CheckMate 142 study. Exploratory biomarker analyses of tumor and microbiome samples from CheckMate 142 were performed to evaluate associations between various biomarkers and the efficacy of nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination in these patients. Higher expression of inflammation-related gene expression signatures was associated with improved response per investigator assessment and survival benefit with nivolumab monotherapy. In contrast, higher tumor mutational burden, tumor indel burden and degrees of microsatellite instability were associated with improved response per investigator assessment and survival benefit with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. While interpretation is limited by the exploratory nature of these analyses, they suggest that tumor antigenicity rather than baseline tumor inflammation might be important for the combinatorial efficacy. Validation of these findings in larger, randomized studies is necessary.

  Study EGAS50000000416

• T cell receptor repertoire in cell-free DNA as a proxy for tumor infiltrates in patients treated with pembrolizumab

  Profiling tumour and systemic T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires can identify features associated with clinical benefit of cancer patients on immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This study reports on diversity and specificity analysis of TCR sequences from 59 tumor, 306 peripheral blood (PBMC), and 73 cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples from 81 patients with solid tumors treated with pembrolizumab. This analysis reveals that head and neck carcinomas have significantly lower PBMC diversity and shorter persistence of pembrolizumab-induced diversification compared to other cancers. Using GLIPHII (Grouping Lymphocyte Interactions with Paratope Hotspots), we find that tumor-derived clonotypes form non-microbial specificity signatures that are shared across patients and cancer types. Tumor-derived clonotypes are enriched in cfDNA compared to PBMCs, despite the diversity of cfDNA TCR repertories being two orders of magnitude lower than PBMCs. TCRs shared between tumors and cfDNAs persist in PBMCs beyond 50 weeks of treatment, suggesting cfDNA captures clonotypes contributing to anti-tumor immune surveillance.

  Study EGAS50000001306

• Origins and functional consequence of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations

  Recent sequencing studies have extensively explored the somatic alterations present in the nuclear genomes of cancers. Although mitochondria control energy metabolism and apoptosis, the origins and impact of cancer-associated mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are unclear. Here, we analysed somatic alterations in mtDNA from 1,675 tumors across 31 histologies. We identified 1,907 somatic substitutions, which exhibited dramatic replicative strand bias, predominantly C>T and A>G on the mitochondrial heavy strand. This strand-asymmetric signature differs from those found in nuclear cancer genomes but matches the inferred germline process shaping primate mtDNA sequence content. Numbers of mtDNA mutations showed considerable heterogeneity across tumor types. Missense mutations were selectively neutral and often gradually drifted towards homoplasmy over time. In contrast, mutations resulting in protein truncation undergo negative selection and were almost exclusively heteroplasmic. Our findings indicate that the endogenous mutational mechanism has far greater impact than any other external mutagens in mitochondria, and is fundamentally linked to mtDNA replication.

  Study EGAS00001000968

• A biobank of patient-derived pediatric brain tumor models

  Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Genomic studies have provided insights into molecular subgroups and oncogenic drivers of pediatric brain tumors that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies. To evaluate new treatments, better preclinical models adequately reflecting the biological heterogeneity are needed. Through the Children’s Oncology Group ACNS02B3 study, we have generated and comprehensively characterized 30 patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models and 7 cell lines representing 14 molecular subgroups of pediatric brain tumors. Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models were found to be representative of the human tumors they were derived from in terms of histology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression, DNA methylation, copy number, and mutational profiles. In vivo drug sensitivity of targeted therapeutics was associated with distinct molecular tumor subgroups and specific genetic alterations. These models and their molecular characterization provide an unprecedented resource for the cancer community to study key oncogenic drivers and to evaluate novel treatment strategies.

  Study EGAS00001002536

• Whole-exome sequencing reveals the origin and evolution of Hepato-Cholangiocarcinoma

  Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (H-ChC) is a rare subtype of liver cancer with clinicopathological features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). To date, molecular mechanisms underlying the co-existence of HCC and iCCA components in a single tumor remain elusive. Here we show that H-ChC samples contain substantial private mutations from WES analyses, ranging from 33.1% to 86.4%, indicative of substantive intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). However, on the other hand, numerous ubiquitous mutations shared by HCC and iCCA suggest the monoclonal origin of H-ChC. Mutated genes identify herein e.g. VCAN, ACVR2A and FCGBP are speculated to contribute to distinct differentiation of HCC and iCCA within H-ChC. Moreover, immunohistochemistry demonstrate that EpCAM is highly expressed in 80% of H-ChC implying the stemness of such liver cancer. In summary, our data highlight the monoclonal origin and stemness of H-ChC, as well as substantial intratumoral heterogeneity.

  Study EGAS00001002783

• Comparing nodal versus bony metastatic spread using tumour phylogenies

  The role of lymph node metastases in distant prostate cancer dissemination and lethality is ill defined. Patients with metastases restricted to lymph nodes have a better prognosis than those with distant metastatic spread, suggesting the possibility of distinct aetiologies. To explore this, we traced patterns of cancer dissemination using tumour phylogenies inferred from genome-wide copy-number profiling of 48 samples across 3 patients with lymph node metastatic disease and 3 patients with osseous metastatic disease. Our results show that metastatic cells in regional lymph nodes originate from evolutionary advanced extra-prostatic tumour cells rather than less advanced central tumour cell populations. In contrast, osseous metastases do not exhibit such a constrained developmental lineage, arising from either intra or extra-prostatic tumour cell populations, at early and late stages in the evolution of the primary. Collectively, this comparison suggests that lymph node metastases may not be an intermediate developmental step for distant osseous metastases, but rather represent a distinct metastatic lineage.

  Study EGAS00001001801

• A novel TP53-KPNA3 translocation defines a de novo treatment-resistant clone in osteosarcoma

  Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer. It can be cured by aggressive surgery and chemotherapy, but outcomes for metastatic or chemoresistant disease remain dismal. Cancer sequencing studies have shown that the p53 pathway is dysregulated in nearly every case, often by translocation; however, no studies of osteosarcoma evolution or intratumor heterogeneity have been done to date. We studied a patient with chemoresistant, metastatic disease over the course of three years. We performed exome sequencing on germline DNA and DNA collected from tumor at three separate timepoints. We compared variant calls and variant allele frequencies between different samples. We identified subclonal driver mutations in several different genes in the primary tumor sample and found that one particular subclone dominated subsequent tumor samples at relapse. This clone was marked by a novel TP53-KPNA3 translocation and loss of the opposite-strand wild-type TP53 allele. Future research must focus on functional significance of such clones and strategies to eliminate them.

  Study EGAS00001001805

• Impact of mutational profiles on response of primary oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers to oestrogen deprivation

  Presurgical studies allow study of the relationship between mutations and response of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) but have been limited to small biopsies. Here in Phase I of this study, we perform exome sequencing on baseline, surgical core-cuts and blood from 60 patients (40 AI treated, 20 Controls). In poor responders (based on Ki67 change) we find significantly more somatic mutations than good responders. Subclones exclusive to baseline or surgical cores   occur in approximately 30% of tumours. In Phase II we combine targeted sequencing on another 28 treated patients with Phase I. We find six genes frequently mutated: PIK3CA, TP53, CDH1, MLL3, ABCA13 and FLG with 71% concordance between paired cores. TP53 mutations are associated with poor response. We conclude that multiple biopsies are essential for confident mutational profiling of ER+ breast cancer and TP53 mutations are associated with resistance to oestrogen deprivation therapy.

  Study EGAS00001001940

• Somatic mutation and selection at epidemiological scale - TwinsUK_TargetedNanoSeq_Buccal

  Targeted NanoSeq in buccal epithelium obtained longitudinally from a number of donors. A custom-designed panel of ~200 genes will be used to achieve high depth coverage (aiming for ~1000X at panel sites).As we age, many tissues become colonised by microscopic clones carrying somatic driver mutations. Some of these clones represent a first step towards cancer whereas others may contribute to ageing and other diseases. However, our understanding of the clonal landscapes of human tissues, and their impact on cancer risk, ageing and disease, remains limited due to the challenge of detecting somatic mutations present in small numbers of cells. Here, we introduce a new version of nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq), a duplex sequencing method with error rates of less than 55 per billion base pairs, which is compatible with whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing. Deep sequencing of polyclonal samples with single-molecule sensitivity enables the simultaneous detection of mutations in large numbers of clones, yielding accurate somatic mutation rates, mutational signatures and driver mutation frequencies in any tissue. Applying targeted NanoSeq to 1,042 non-invasive samples of oral epithelium and 371 samples of blood from a twin cohort, we found an unprecedentedly rich landscape of selection, with 46 genes under positive selection driving clonal expansions in the oral epithelium, over 62,000 driver mutations, and evidence of negative selection in some genes. The high number of positively selected mutations in multiple genes provides high-resolution maps of selection across coding and non-coding sites, a form of in vivo saturation mutagenesis. Multivariate regression models enable mutational epidemiology studies on how carcinogenic exposures and cancer risk factors, such as age, tobacco or alcohol, alter the acquisition and selection of somatic mutations. Accurate single-molecule sequencing has the potential to unveil the polyclonal landscape of any tissue, providing a powerful tool to study early carcinogenesis, cancer prevention and the role of somatic mutations in ageing and disease.

  Dataset EGAD00001015618

• Somatic mutation and selection at epidemiological scale - TwinsUK_ExomeNanoSeq_Buccal

  Exome NanoSeq in buccal swab samples obtained from patients with a wide range of clinical phenotypes. As we age, many tissues become colonised by microscopic clones carrying somatic driver mutations. Some of these clones represent a first step towards cancer whereas others may contribute to ageing and other diseases. However, our understanding of the clonal landscapes of human tissues, and their impact on cancer risk, ageing and disease, remains limited due to the challenge of detecting somatic mutations present in small numbers of cells. Here, we introduce a new version of nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq), a duplex sequencing method with error rates of less than 5 per billion base pairs, which is compatible with whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing. Deep sequencing of polyclonal samples with single-molecule sensitivity enables the simultaneous detection of mutations in large numbers of clones, yielding accurate somatic mutation rates, mutational signatures and driver mutation frequencies in any tissue. Applying targeted NanoSeq to 1,042 non-invasive samples of oral epithelium and 371 samples of blood from a twin cohort, we found an unprecedentedly rich landscape of selection, with 46 genes under positive selection driving clonal expansions in the oral epithelium, over 62,000 driver mutations, and evidence of negative selection in some genes. The high number of positively selected mutations in multiple genes provides high-resolution maps of selection across coding and non-coding sites, a form of in vivo saturation mutagenesis. Multivariate regression models enable mutational epidemiology studies on how carcinogenic exposures and cancer risk factors, such as age, tobacco or alcohol, alter the acquisition and selection of somatic mutations. Accurate single-molecule sequencing has the potential to unveil the polyclonal landscape of any tissue, providing a powerful tool to study early carcinogenesis, cancer prevention and the role of somatic mutations in ageing and disease.

  Dataset EGAD00001015620

• Somatic mutation and selection at epidemiological scale - TwinsUK_TargetedNanoSeq_Blood

  Utilising Targeted NanoSeq, we hope to explore the driver landscape in unprecedented detail in donors from TwinsUK. These donors have paired buccal swabs and data from this will help contextualise that work. As we age, many tissues become colonised by microscopic clones carrying somatic driver mutations. Some of these clones represent a first step towards cancer whereas others may contribute to ageing and other diseases. However, our understanding of the clonal landscapes of human tissues, and their impact on cancer risk, ageing and disease, remains limited due to the challenge of detecting somatic mutations present in small numbers of cells. Here, we introduce a new version of nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq), a duplex sequencing method with error rates of less than 5 per billion base pairs, which is compatible with whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing. Deep sequencing of polyclonal samples with single-molecule sensitivity enables the simultaneous detection of mutations in large numbers of clones, yielding accurate somatic mutation rates, mutational signatures and driver mutation frequencies in any tissue. Applying targeted NanoSeq to 1,042 non-invasive samples of oral epithelium and 371 samples of blood from a twin cohort, we found an unprecedentedly rich landscape of selection, with 46 genes under positive selection driving clonal expansions in the oral epithelium, over 62,000 driver mutations, and evidence of negative selection in some genes. The high number of positively selected mutations in multiple genes provides high-resolution maps of selection across coding and non-coding sites, a form of in vivo saturation mutagenesis. Multivariate regression models enable mutational epidemiology studies on how carcinogenic exposures and cancer risk factors, such as age, tobacco or alcohol, alter the acquisition and selection of somatic mutations. Accurate single-molecule sequencing has the potential to unveil the polyclonal landscape of any tissue, providing a powerful tool to study early carcinogenesis, cancer prevention and the role of somatic mutations in ageing and disease.

  Dataset EGAD00001015619

• Somatic mutation and selection at epidemiological scale - TwinsUK_TargetedEMSeq_Buccal

  Development of a targeted methylation assay to determine the cell-type composition of a sample. As we age, many tissues become colonised by microscopic clones carrying somatic driver mutations. Some of these clones represent a first step towards cancer whereas others may contribute to ageing and other diseases. However, our understanding of the clonal landscapes of human tissues, and their impact on cancer risk, ageing and disease, remains limited due to the challenge of detecting somatic mutations present in small numbers of cells. Here, we introduce a new version of nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq), a duplex sequencing method with error rates of less than 5 per billion base pairs, which is compatible with whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing. Deep sequencing of polyclonal samples with single-molecule sensitivity enables the simultaneous detection of mutations in large numbers of clones, yielding accurate somatic mutation rates, mutational signatures and driver mutation frequencies in any tissue. Applying targeted NanoSeq to 1,042 non-invasive samples of oral epithelium and 371 samples of blood from a twin cohort, we found an unprecedentedly rich landscape of selection, with 46 genes under positive selection driving clonal expansions in the oral epithelium, over 62,000 driver mutations, and evidence of negative selection in some genes. The high number of positively selected mutations in multiple genes provides high-resolution maps of selection across coding and non-coding sites, a form of in vivo saturation mutagenesis. Multivariate regression models enable mutational epidemiology studies on how carcinogenic exposures and cancer risk factors, such as age, tobacco or alcohol, alter the acquisition and selection of somatic mutations. Accurate single-molecule sequencing has the potential to unveil the polyclonal landscape of any tissue, providing a powerful tool to study early carcinogenesis, cancer prevention and the role of somatic mutations in ageing and disease.

  Dataset EGAD00001015622

• Somatic mutation and selection at epidemiological scale - TwinsUK_TargetedEMSeq_Blood

  Development of a targeted methylation assay to determine the cell-type composition of a sample. As we age, many tissues become colonised by microscopic clones carrying somatic driver mutations. Some of these clones represent a first step towards cancer whereas others may contribute to ageing and other diseases. However, our understanding of the clonal landscapes of human tissues, and their impact on cancer risk, ageing and disease, remains limited due to the challenge of detecting somatic mutations present in small numbers of cells. Here, we introduce a new version of nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq), a duplex sequencing method with error rates of less than 5 per billion base pairs, which is compatible with whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing. Deep sequencing of polyclonal samples with single-molecule sensitivity enables the simultaneous detection of mutations in large numbers of clones, yielding accurate somatic mutation rates, mutational signatures and driver mutation frequencies in any tissue. Applying targeted NanoSeq to 1,042 non-invasive samples of oral epithelium and 371 samples of blood from a twin cohort, we found an unprecedentedly rich landscape of selection, with 46 genes under positive selection driving clonal expansions in the oral epithelium, over 62,000 driver mutations, and evidence of negative selection in some genes. The high number of positively selected mutations in multiple genes provides high-resolution maps of selection across coding and non-coding sites, a form of in vivo saturation mutagenesis. Multivariate regression models enable mutational epidemiology studies on how carcinogenic exposures and cancer risk factors, such as age, tobacco or alcohol, alter the acquisition and selection of somatic mutations. Accurate single-molecule sequencing has the potential to unveil the polyclonal landscape of any tissue, providing a powerful tool to study early carcinogenesis, cancer prevention and the role of somatic mutations in ageing and disease.

  Dataset EGAD00001015623

• ChIP-seq data in MSC_Pat and EWIma1 (FLI1 & H3K27ac)

  Ewing sarcoma is characterized by pathognomonic translocations fusing most frequently EWSR1 with FLI1 (EF1). In addition, Ewing sarcoma can also display alterations in STAG2, TP53 and CDKN2A (SPC). Starting from Ewing sarcoma derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCpat), we recapitulated this translocation and SPC alterations using a CRISPR/cas9 approach and generated a bona fide Ewing sarcoma model (EWIma1) displaying transcriptomic and epigenetic hallmarks of EwS.

  Study EGAS50000001172

• Transcriptome and epigenome characterization of BMP signaling effects on H3.3K27M DIPG

  We profiled transcriptome and epigenome of BMP signaling effects on H3.3K27M DIPG.

  Dataset EGAD00001007768

• Targeted Validation Samples

  The dataset consists of targeted sequencing data obtained from an independent cohort of 11 patients to validate discriminative DMRs (differentially methylated regions) for Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subtypes. The cohort includes 2 healthy subjects, 4 STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), 3 NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), and 2 UA (unstable angina) patients. The sequencing panel targeted 18,831 CpGs for analysis, reaching at least 5 reads coverage for 75% of the targeted CpGs in each sample. The sequencing was performed using the NEBNext Enzymatic Methyl-seq Module and the Nonacus Cell3TMTarget: Library Preparation kit, followed by probe hybridization, capture enrichment, and sequencing on the Novaseq 6000 platform, generating 400 million reads. The dataset is in raw fastq format.

  Dataset EGAD00001010934

• Germline Mutations and Developmental Mosaicism Underlying EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer

  We designed this study to examine the etiology of multiple lung tumors in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients who undergo surgical resection. Participants were 52-85 years old never or former smokers, who had at least 2 surgical lung tumor pathology specimens available in the Massachusetts General Hospital biobank, at least one of which had an EGFR mutation by routine clinical genotyping. 10 patients were selected, along with two patients from a family with an inherited EGFR-T790M mutation leading to multiple lung tumors. These patient tumor samples and matched normal lung samples were microdissected to collect DNA.In addition to obtaining clinical histories, we performed whole exome sequencing to evaluate the genetic profile of matched tumor and normal samples. The WES data are available on dbGaP. Our data showed increasing mutational burden and copy number alteration with increasing invasiveness, as compared to normal tissues, for the subset of samples that were assessed for tumor invasiveness. We also observed a range of numbers of shared mutations between tumors in a single patient, indicating different degrees of relatedness between lung tumors. We hope that this resource will help researchers understand non-small cell lung cancer presentations with multiple lung tumors. These data may aid in clinical decision making for such patients.

  Study phs003379

• A somatic reference standard for cancer genome sequencing with COLO829

  Identification of somatic alterations in cancer has become feasible with the massive adoption of next generation sequencing. However, due to variability in sequencing and informatics pipelines, a common somatic reference is needed. We thus performed paired whole genome sequencing of a metastatic melanoma cell line (COLO829) and a matched lymphoblastoid line (COLO829BL) across three institutions (TGen, Illumina, Genome Sciences Centre at the British Columbia Cancer Agency). We performed a meta-analysis of all data, in combination with the originally reported analysis of these cell lines by Pleasance et al (PMID: 20016485), and report a somatic reference standard based on consensus events. DNA extractions, library preparation, sequencing, and analysis were separately performed at each site. Results were compiled with sequence data previously generated for the cell lines to identify true positive variants, collectively representing a somatic reference standard. Overall, common somatic events include point mutations, small insertion/deletions, and genes affected by concurrent copy number changes. We additionally show divergence of somatic mutations in COLO829 associated with differences in cell line lineage. We present this reference to the community as a standard for enabling interpretation and identification of somatic mutations across institutions and analytical pipelines.

  Study EGAS00001001385

• Nanopore_and_Illumina_sequencing_of_human_glioblastomas

  Liquid biopsy analysis refers to methods designed to detect tumour-specific material (e.g., circulating tumour cells or tumour DNA) in body fluids, such as urine or blood samples. A widely-used liquid biopsy approach consists of genotyping the circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) through sequencing of plasma/serum DNA. Although useful in the context of metastatic disease (where the concentration of ctDNA is high), current liquid biopsy technologies show limited sensitivity of detection for the early detection of cancer, and low specificity, as cancer-related mutations accumulate in healthy tissues as part of the ageing process, thus making it difficult to distinguish these from tumour mutations, and because sequencing errors and true mutations show overlapping profiles. Therefore, developing liquid biopsy protocols with increased sensitivity and specificity represents an urgent clinical need. Here we harness extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) elements, which are circular DNA structures physically separated from the chromosomes of up to several Mbp long pervasive in human cancers, for liquid biopsy analysis. In this pilot study we will focus on the analysis of glioblastomas, because there is strong evidence for the presence of eccDNA in these tumour types, and because developing liquid biopsy approaches for brain tumours to reduce the invasiveness of brain tumour biopsies remains an unmet clinical need.

  Study EGAS00001005812

• Emergence of oncofetal plasticity is ubiquitous in early colorectal cancers

  Metastasis formation is classically considered a late-stage event in colorectal cancer (CRC) evolution. Yet, the time and patterning by which metastatic competence is acquired remain poorly understood. Here, we show that metastasis-associated oncofetal cell states already emerge at the earliest stages of CRC, concurrent with invasive front formation. However, while necessary for metastasis, we detect them ubiquitously among early non-metastatic cancers, highlighting additional bottlenecks like immune evasion. To understand how oncofetal cells first emerge, we generated multiregional organoid models that reflect successive tumor progression stages within individual early-stage CRCs. Whole-genome sequencing and growth factor-dependency assays exclude tumor cell-intrinsic acquired traits. In contrast, single-cell spatial atlases of the tumor-microenvironment before and after malignant transformation revealed stereotypic patterning of fibroblast subtypes resembling normal tissue architecture, resulting in distinct regional microenvironments. At the onset of malignant growth into the submucosa, the first cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to appear strongly resemble submucosal trophocytes and colocalize with oncofetal cell states at invasive fronts. Functionally, fibroblast-organoid co-cultures confirm that these trophocyte-like CAFs induce plastic transitioning to oncofetal states. Thus, interactions between tumor and submucosal fibroblasts directly following malignant transformation dictate the timing and location at which oncofetal plasticity first occurs during CRC progression.

  Study EGAS50000001532

• EGAD00010000268

  Metabric breast cancer samples (Expression raw data)

  Dataset EGAD00010000268

• ParityImmune

  Blood transcriptome from women participating in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC)

  Dataset EGAD00010001412

• BROCA cancer panel sequencing for 15 samples

  BROCA panel sequencing using the BROCA-HR v8 and BROCA-GO v1 versions of the gene panel

  Dataset EGAD50000000035

• Illumina_WXS_MET-CELL

  Whole-exome sequencing on Illumina HiSeq2000/2500 of PDO culture derived from colorectal cancer metastasis sample

  Dataset EGAD00001002096

• EPO2_Illumina_WXS_XEN

  Whole-exome sequencing on Illumina HiSeq2000/2500 of Patient-derived xenograft derived from colorectal cancer primary tumor sample (EPO2_cohort)

  Dataset EGAD00001003363

• Organoid Derivation Project WGS: Release 2

  Sequencing of tissue samples and their derived organoids from oesophageal, pancreatic and colorectal cancer patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001005955

• Organoid Derivation Project TGS: Release 2

  Sequencing of tissue samples and their derived organoids from oesophageal, pancreatic and colorectal cancer patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001004999

• Organoid Derivation Project WGS: Release 1

  Sequencing of tissue samples and their derived organoids from oesophageal, pancreatic and colorectal cancer patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001005000

• Organoid Derivation Project TGS: Release 3

  Sequencing of tissue samples and their derived organoids from oesophageal, pancreatic and colorectal cancer patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001005958

• Single-Cell Multiomics of the Immune Microenvironment in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  We present single-cell transcriptome and surface protein expression (CITE-seq) data from four healthy donors and fifteen pediatric T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients at diagnosis and at different treatment timepoints (days 1 – 6 and at time of remission). Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PB; longitudinal) or bone marrow (BM; diagnosis only) were isolated and CD45high immune cells and CD45dimCD7+ malignant cells were sorted and subsequently pooled to enrich for immune cells. For comparison,CD45high immune cells from four healthy donors were also sorted. Single-cell sequencing of the transcriptome and surface protein expression (204 antibodies) was performed using the 10x Genomics platform.Multiomics analyses resulted in the identification of a T-ALL subgroup characterized by a remodeled immune microenvironment at initial diagnosis. This immune landscape is dominated by the presence of non-malignant CD4-CD8-TCRab T cells that interact with CXCL16 expressing non-classical monocytes. Leukemia cell intrinsic transcriptional rewiring in these patients is associated with activation of Rap1 signaling.

  Study phs004269

• Sequencing_Acute_Myeloid_Leukaemia_

  This project will aim at sequencing and analysing three samples from a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with t(15;17) translocation (acute promyelocytic leukaemia). The patient was treated with standard chemotherapy and samples (blood and bone marrow) taken for minimal residual disease measured during and after chemotherapy. 2-3years later the patient presented a second AML containing inv (16).In this project we will sequence both AML and normal genomes to find associated mutations This will allow unprecedented insights into the dynamics of appearance of secondary AML, since we will be able to use the MRD samples to track the emergence of the inv(16) leukaemia. We will also be able to distinguish whether the 2 leukaemias are clonally related or not. This project will entail sequencing and analysis of three samples (whole genome 30x coverage) using Hi-Seq. The funds from this grant will cover the cost of sequencing 9 lanes from the AML t(15;17) sample, 9 lanes from AML inv(16) sample and 8 lanes from the normal genome.

  Study EGAS00001000035

• Genes associated with pancreas development and function maintain open chromatin in iPSCs generated from human pancreatic beta cells

  Current in-vitro islet differentiation protocols suffer from heterogeneity and low efficiency. Induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from pancreatic beta-cells (BiPSCs) preferentially differentiate towards endocrine pancreas-like cells versus those from fibroblasts (FiPSCs). We interrogated genome-wide open chromatin in BiPSCs and FiPSCs via ATAC-seq, and identified ~8.3k significant, differential open chromatin sites (DOCS) between the two iPSC subtypes (FDR<0.05). DOCS where chromatin was more accessible in BiPSCs (Bi-DOCS) were significantly enriched for known regulators of endodermal development, including bivalent and weak enhancers, and FOXA2 binding sites (FDR<0.05). Bi-DOCS were associated with genes related to pancreas development and beta-cell function, including transcription factors mutated in monogenic diabetes (PDX1, NKX2-2, HNF1A; FDR<0.05). Moreover, Bi-DOCS correlated with enhanced gene expression in BiPSC-derived definitive endoderm and pancreatic progenitor cells. Bi-DOCS therefore highlight genes and pathways governing islet-lineage commitment, which can be exploited for differentiation protocol optimisation, diabetes disease modelling, and therapeutic purposes.

  Study EGAS00001002591

• Liquid Biopsy Versus Tissue Biopsy to Assess Acquired Resistance and Tumor Heterogeneity in Gastrointestinal Cancers

  Tumor heterogeneity can drive the evolution of multiple tumor subclones harboring unique molecular resistance alterations in different metastatic lesions in an individual patient, under the selective pressure of therapy1-3. Studies have suggested that liquid biopsy may better capture the heterogeneity of acquired resistance, but systematic, direct comparisons of post-progression liquid vs. standard single-lesion tumor biopsies are lacking. In a prospective cohort of 44 patients with molecularly-defined gastrointestinal cancers and acquired resistance to targeted therapy, direct comparison of post-progression liquid vs. tumor biopsy revealed that liquid biopsy more frequently identified clinically-relevant resistance alterations and multiple resistance mechanisms, detecting resistance alterations not detected in matched tumor biopsy in 78% of cases. Whole-exome sequencing of serial cell-free DNA, tumor biopsies and rapid autopsy specimens elucidated geographic and evolutionary characteristics of heterogeneity. Our data suggest that acquired resistance is frequently characterized by profound tumor heterogeneity and highlight the potential clinical utility of liquid biopsy. Burrell, R. A. & Swanton, C. Tumour heterogeneity and the evolution of polyclonal drug resistance. Molecular oncology 8, 1095-1111, doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.005 (2014). Misale, S. et al. Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Nature 486, 532-536, doi:10.1038/nature11156 (2012). Ahronian, L. G. et al. Clinical Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitor Combinations in BRAF-Mutant Colorectal Cancer through MAPK Pathway Alterations. Cancer Disco 5, 358-367, doi:10.1158/2159-8290.Cd-14-1518 (2015).

  Study phs001853

• Durable clinical impacts and mechanisms of action and resistance in histone K27 methylation-targeting epigenetic therapy

  Epigenomes allow the rectification of disordered cancer gene expressions, thereby providing new targets for pharmacological interventions in cancer therapy. The clinical utility of targeting histone H3 lysine tri-methylation (H3K27me3) as an epigenetic hallmark has been demonstrated. However, in actual therapeutic settings, the mechanism by which H3K27me3-targeting therapies exert their effects and the response of tumor cells remain unclear. Here we show the potency and mechanisms of action and resistance of a newly developed EZH1/2 dual inhibitor, valemetostat, in the clinical trials of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Valemetostat administration reduced the tumor size and demonstrated durable clinical benefits. Integrative single-cell analyses of patients before and after the administration of valemetostat showed that valemetostat abolishes the highly condensed chromatin structure formed by the plastic H3K27me3 and neutralizes multiple gene loci, such as tumor suppressor genes. Nevertheless, subsequent long-term treatment encounters the emergence of resistant clones with reconstructed aggregate chromatin that closely resemble the pre-dose state. The acquired mutations at the EZH2???compound interface result in the propagation of the clones with re-increased H3K27me3. In patients free of this mutation, TET2 mutation or elevated DNMT3A expression causes similar chromatin recondensation through de novo DNA methylation at the H3K27me3-associated regions. We identified subpopulations with distinct metabolic and gene translation characteristics implicated in primary susceptibility until the acquisition of the heritable (epi)mutations. Targeting chromatin homeostasis might provide opportunities for further sustained epigenetic cancer therapies.

  Study JGAS000553

• Sequence analysis of colorectal serrated lesions

  Recent studies have shown that colorectal serrated lesions, which include sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), are precursors of colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis, particularly in TSAs, remain largely uncharacterized. To clarify their molecular and clinicopathological characteristics, we performed mutation and methylation analyses of cancer-associated genes in 78 serrated lesions, including TSAs, SSAs and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps. Target exon sequence analysis was performed with 39 genes, including genes known to be frequently mutated in colorectal cancers and/or serrated lesions. We also used bisulfite pyrosequencing to assess the methylation status of various cancer-associated genes and marker genes of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). The prevalence of mutations in genes associated with Wnt signaling was significantly higher in TSAs than SSAs (65% vs. 28%, p < 0.01). Among those, RNF43 mutations were observed in 38% of TSAs and 17% of SSAs. In immunohistochemical studies of 39 serrated lesions, the prevalence of abnormal nuclear ?-catenin accumulation was significantly higher in TSAs (57%) than SSAs (8%) (P = 0.01). SMOC1 methylation was detected in 54% of TSAs but in no SSAs (p < 0.01). Additionally, SMOC1 methylation was more prevalent among TSAs with KRAS mutation (82%) than with BRAF mutation (38%, p = 0.03). Lesions with CIMP-high or RNF43 mutations were detected only in TSAs with BRAF mutation, suggesting two distinct carcinogenic pathways in TSAs. Mutations in genes associated with Wnt signaling play a greater role in the carcinogenesis of TSAs than SSAs.

  Study JGAS000217

• Organoid cultures of early-onset colorectal cancers reveal distinct and rare genetic profiles

  Sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has bad prognosis, yet is poorly represented by cell line models. We examine the key mutational and transcriptomic alterations in an organoid biobank enriched in EOCRCs. We established paired cancer (n=32) and normal organoids (n=18) from 20 patients enriched in microsatellite-stable EOCRC. Exome and transcriptome analysis was performed. We observed a striking diversity of molecular phenotypes, including PTPRK-RSPO3 fusions. Transcriptionally, RSPO fusion organoids resembled normal colon organoids and were distinct from APC mutant organoids, with high BMP2 and low PTK7 expression. Single cell transcriptome analysis confirmed the similarity between RSPO fusion organoids and normal organoids, with a propensity for maturation on Wnt withdrawal, whereas the APC mutant organoids were locked in progenitor stages. CRISPR/Cas9 engineered mutation of APC in normal human colon organoids led to upregulation of PTK7 protein and suppression of BMP2, but less so with an engineered RNF43 mutation. The frequent co-occurrence of RSPO fusions with SMAD4 or BMPR1A mutation was confirmed in TCGA database searches. RNF43 mutation was found in organoid from a leukaemia survivor with a novel mutational signature; and organoids with POLE proofreading mutation displayed ultramutation. The cancer organoid genomes were stable over long culture periods, while normal human colon organoids tended to be subject to clonal dominance over time. These organoid models enriched in EOCRCs with linked genomic data fill a gap in existing CRC models and reveal distinct genetic profiles and novel pathway cooperativity.

  Study EGAS00001004063

• Identification of Therapeutic Targets in Rhabdomyosarcoma Through Integrated Genomic, Epigenomic, and Proteomic Analyses

  Personalized cancer therapy based on the somatic mutations identified in patient tumors is becoming an increasingly emphasized approach to improve outcomes of patients with cancer. There are also examples of therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer that result from changes in gene expression that are a direct or indirect result of tumor specific epigenetic perturbations. These genomic and epigenomic changes are ultimately manifest in the tumor proteome and phosphoproteome. In this study, we integrated genomic, epigenomic and proteomic data for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities. RMS was selected for this analysis because RAS pathway mutations in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are the most common potentially actionable lesions across pediatric solid tumors. The epigenomic data was useful for identifying deregulated developmental pathways in RMS including the WNT, HH, BMP, adenyl cyclase, p38/MAPK and PI3K pathways. Perturbations in those 6 myogenic signal transduction pathways were also evident in the proteome and phosphoteome data. In addition, the proteomic/phosphoproteomic data revealed that the cell cycle checkpoint, unfolded protein response and RB/E2F pathways were deregulated in RMS relative to normal muscle. Recent success targeting CDK4/6 and MEK in adult cancers with RAS mutations led us to test the value of these targets in RMS tumors. We also targeted the unfolded protein response pathway and cell cycle checkpoint pathway using molecular targeted therapeutics in orthotopic patient derived xenografts. Taken together, these data demonstrate the value of integrating epigenomic and proteomic data to identify tumor vulnerabilities that extend beyond somatic mutations identified in the genome.

  Study EGAS00001002967

• Proteomic Analysis of Non-Muscle Invasive and Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Highlights Distinct Subgroups With Metabolic, Matrisomal, and Immune Hallmarks

  We present the proteome biology of bladder cancer based on a cohort comprising treatment-naïve non-muscle invasive (NMIBC, N=17) and treatment-naïve muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC, N=51), as well as neoadjuvant-treated MIBC (N=11); using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and data-independent acquisition yielding &gt;8,000 protein identifications. The NMIBC proteome reveals two subgroups that represent cell adhesion or lipid metabolism biology. MIBC, compared to NMIBC, shows an altered metabolic proteome together with enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM), immune response, and complement proteins; in line with three proteomic MIBC subgroups that represent ECM, metabolic, or immune signatures. The ECM and immune subgroups are enriched for markers of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells, while markers for natural killer cells are exclusive for the ECM subgroup, and markers for cytotoxic T-cells are a hallmark of the immune subgroup. Infiltration of CD8+ PD1+ positive cytotoxic T cells correlated with PD-L1 expression of MIBC, as demonstrated by multiplex immunofluorescence analysis. The metabolic subgroup presents a comparably immune-depleted microenvironment. YAP1 signaling is particularly prominent in the ECM subgroup. The protein BSCL2 emerges as a prognostic marker for MIBC. We highlight increased endogenous proteolysis in MIBC alongside the upregulation of matrix metalloproteases exceeding the upregulation of their endogenous inhibitors. Genomic panel sequencing underlines prevalent FGFR3 mutations in NMIBC and prevalent TP53 mutations in MIBC, but a genomic underpinning of the MIBC subgroups remains elusive. Proteogenomic analysis yields protein-level evidence for more than 1,300 single amino acid variants. The proteomes of neoadjuvant-treated MIBC resembled treatment-naïve MIBC. Tumor-stroma interaction of MIBC was further investigated by proteomic analysis of patient-derived xenografts of MIBC. Our study adds to the proteome-level understanding of bladder cancer.

  Study EGAS00001007290

• EGAD00010000558

  SNP 6.0 arrays of small cell lung cancer

  Dataset EGAD00010000558

• The CCA Genome Core is responsible for archiving the sequencing data generated by the Cancer Centre Amsterdam (CCA).

  Dac EGAC00001000181

• WES dataset for cfDNA cohort

  Whole exome sequencing data for 457 samples, including diagnosis and germline sample, across multiple cancer types for cfDNA cohort

  Dataset EGAD50000000103

• WGS data for cfDNA cohort

  Whole genome sequencing data for 423 samples, including diagnosis and germline, across multiple cancer types for cfDNA cohort

  Dataset EGAD50000000102

• Tumor Profiler AML Study

  Multi-omics data generated from 22 samples from the Tumor Profiler AML cohort

  Study EGAS50000000577

• SMPaeds PanelSeq of cfDNA at relapse with UMIs

  Deep sequencing of a targeted panel of 67 paediatric cancer related genes for cfDNA with UMIs at approximately 1500xUMI coverage.

  Dataset EGAD50000000781

• MDS_Sequential_Treatment_Validation

  Validations of variants identified by exome sequencing in sequential samples derived after treatment cycle with AZA.

  Study EGAS00001000703

• V2_Colorectal_panel_test

  Targeted gene screen of cell line tumour samples for testing the new V2 Colorectal gene panel.

  Study EGAS00001001806

• Mutational_Analysis_of_Colorectal_PDX_models

  Targeted exome sequencing of patient derived xenografts from primary colorectal tumours and liver metastases.

  Study EGAS00001001171

• Targeted_sequencing_of_in_vitro_colonies___bulks

  In this study we will perform targeted sequencing on the bulk samples of in vitro colonies

  Study EGAS00001003175

• Exploring_the_landscape_of_somatic_mutations_in_normal_tissue___POL___WGS

  Somatic mutations (burdens and signatures) and clonal dynamics in individuals with germline DNA polymerase mutations.

  Study EGAS00001003682

• Whole genome sequencing of colon cancer data

  We performed longitudinal genomic analysis of samples from patients with colorectal-derived neoplasias from different stages through metastasis and treatment.

  Dataset EGAD50000002141

• NanoString gene expression of PBMC from bladder cancer and RCC patients

  This dataset contains NanoString gene expression of PBMC from patients from IMvigor210, IMvigor211 and IMmotion150 cohorts

  Dataset EGAD00001005976

• Illumina_WXS_MET

  Whole-exome sequencing on Illumina HiSeq2000/2500 of colorectal cancer metastasis sample

  Dataset EGAD00001002095